Fugees Lauryn Hill Sued for Fraud, Breach of Contract by Pras Michel.

Lauryn Hill is facing a lawsuit for breach of contract and fraud from her former Fugees bandmate, Pras Michél. The lawsuit, which was submitted on Monday in New York, alleges that Hill mismanaged the budget for the band's 2023 reunion tour, resulting in excessive and likely fabricated expenses that appeared to be set up to incur losses.

Michél expressed that the tour was expected to be a major financial success, as most of the shows for the large arena tour were sold out ahead of time. However, he claims he ended up with nothing due to Hill's "narcissistic tendencies" and "arrogance." In response, Hill described the lawsuit as "baseless" and filled with "false claims and unwarranted attacks."

Additionally, the lawsuit states that Hill rejected a $5 million offer to perform at the Coachella festival without informing Michél, as the Fugees would not be the headliners. Michél also pointed out Hill's "chronic tardiness" for performances.

In her statement, Hill mentioned that she had been "pushing through" because she recognized that Pras was facing significant pressure due to his legal issues, which might have been impacting his judgment, mindset, and character. The tour last year was organized to commemorate the 25th Anniversary of the album The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, and it was initially planned regardless of the Fugees' involvement.

However, the tour was later expanded to include the Fugees after Hill learned that Pras was in a difficult situation and needed financial support for his legal defense. In 2023, Michél was found guilty of illegal lobbying, with US prosecutors alleging that he received over $100 million from Malaysian billionaire Jho Low to influence US politics.

Hill pointed out that Michél's lawsuit "notably omits" the fact that he had received an advance payment of $3 million from her for the last tour to help cover his legal expenses. She also claimed that he has yet to "repay substantial loans" she provided him as a gesture of goodwill.

Next week, Hill and the Fugees are scheduled to perform three shows in the UK, including one at the O2 arena in London. However, Michél's lawyer stated that he would not be taking part in the performances. The Fugees, formed in New Jersey in 1990 by Hill, Michél, and Wyclef Jean, are known for hits like Ready or Not and Killing Me Softly.

Follow on: Jason Duggar’s Legal Woes Continues After Being Accused of Fraud

How Scammers Steal from Older Adults.

Financial Fraud Targeting Aging Parents Is Now Considered: Organized Crime.

On the 19th  September, the U.S. Senate’s Special Committee on Aging held a hearing focused on financial fraud targeting older adults. The session was called Fighting Fraud: How Scammers are Stealing from Older Adults.

Senator Braun, the ranking member, mentioned that Medicare fraud alone cost taxpayers $60 billion in 2023. The committee looked closely at the issue of financial abuse against seniors and discussed possible solutions. At AgingParents.com, we see how vulnerable older adults can be and often hear stories from clients about their aging parents being scammed.

We appreciate the Senate's attention to this issue. The hearing included testimony from several experts, including Kathy Stokes, who is the Director of Fraud Prevention Programs at the AARP Fraud Watch Network.

Her testimony shed light on how society often views fraud victims, usually blaming them for being "tricked." However, Ms. Stokes pointed out that AARP's research, which dates back many years, shows that the victim is not to blame. AARP revealed that scammers use a tactic called getting their targets "under the ether." They have long understood that creating a strong emotional response can override logical thinking—it's just how our brains function. When we feel threatened, we can't help but react automatically. This is exactly what scammers do; they make their targets believe that they or their loved ones are in danger.

The Scope of Criminal Networks

Ms. Stokes' testimony showed how extensive and organized these criminals are. They understand that older individuals often have more money due to years of work, savings, or home ownership. She described how international crime groups function. They have offices like businesses. They use imprisoned individuals to carry out scams. They obtain lists of potential victims and hacked information from banks, hotels, and other places, training the prisoners to manipulate targets into becoming victims using a specific strategy. AARP's research indicated that identity fraud alone cost Americans $43 billion in 2023.

Criminals are now using AI to enhance their scams.

In the past, you could spot a fake email from your bank by looking for spelling mistakes. If you received a call from someone claiming to be a family member but their voice was off, you would question it. Today, however, AI helps fraudsters craft flawless emails and texts that seem genuine. They also use AI to generate realistic fake images, videos, and websites, tricking people into thinking they are authentic.

Ms. Stokes said that AI is similar to the industrial revolution for fraudsters. It makes scams more difficult to detect. This highlights the need for us to stay alert and understand how these scams operate. It's crucial for anyone with an elderly family member to take the time to teach them about the warning signs.

Fraudster Tactics

Fraudsters often use tactics like the tech support scam. In this scam, a consumer receives a message claiming their computer has been hacked. The scammers trick them into giving access to their financial information, leading to stolen money. Another similar scam is the bank impostor scam, where someone contacts a bank customer, saying there’s a fraud issue with their account. This prompts the customer to share passwords and other sensitive information, resulting in immediate loss of funds. Many other scams exist as well. The hearing shared various resources to help the public become more aware and take protective measures.

Ways to Combat Fraud.

Everyone can take action, no matter their age. Scammers target all of us, not just older individuals.

1. Place a freeze on your credit with credit reporting agencies. You can lift the freeze whenever you need to.

2. Use a password manager and enable multifactor authentication for your online accounts.

3. Shred financial documents, bills, and any personal correspondence.

4. Keep your devices updated to guard against known security issues. Older systems on your computer or phone are easier for hackers to exploit.

5. Do not respond to messages from unknown senders.

6. Discuss the latest scams and tactics used by fraudsters. Help older family members understand that anyone can be approached in various ways by scammers.

Video: https://www.aging.senate.gov/hearings/fighting-fraud-how-scammers-are-stealing-from-older-adults

Pump Court Chambers multi-million pound alleged fraud loss.

High Court judgment reveals £2.75m alleged fraud committed by former employee in credit control department.

The High Court recently announced that Pump Court Chambers has been the victim of an alleged £2.75m fraud, which happened by a former employee in its credit control department.

The extent of the fraudulent activities was revealed following a judgment issued by Charles Morrison, who served as a deputy High Court judge. This judgment came after an earlier ex parte injunction and freezing orders were placed against a former employee, Gillian Goodfield, who was part of the credit control department.

Morrison denied the request for the case to be conducted in private and declined to extend a prior anonymity order that had been granted to the set after the initial private hearing. Pump Court Chambers, with locations in London, Winchester, Swindon, and Canterbury, engaged counsel from 4 New Square and Cooke Keidan & Young for this matter.

They contended that making the case public could jeopardize the integrity of the chambers as a viable entity. The chambers expressed concerns that this exposure could lead to members departing, resulting in a "spiral of decline" as members might feel compelled to leave rather than be the last to do so.

At the same time, it is possible for law firms to leverage the circumstances surrounding the misconduct as a justification for postponing payments that are legitimately owed to the set. Acknowledging the set's intention to prevent negative publicity, Morrison remarked that while such publicity could be an inconvenience, potentially even a significant distraction, he maintained the principle of open justice by revealing this information.

When the alleged fraud was uncovered in June, over £2.75 million was found to be missing from the set's bank account. Morrison clarified that Goodfield was responsible for managing the bank account where fees owed to barristers were deposited and for ensuring that those funds were appropriately disbursed to the respective barristers.

However, he noted that Goodfield later "openly confessed to her misconduct; she had indeed taken the funds and now deeply regretted her actions." Morrison further stated that Goodfield, who did not have legal representation despite being advised to seek it, exhibited no signs of distress during the hearing and did not contest the orders that were being sought.

Follow on: Disgraced human rights lawyer Phil Shiner admits fraud.

Jason Duggar’s Legal Woes Continues After Being Accused of Fraud.

Jason Duggar

Lawsuit

Florida Staffing Co. Charged With Tax and Immigration Fraud.

The Owners of a Florida Labor-Staffing Company Make Initial Appearance on Tax and Immigration Fraud and Money Laundering Charges.

Running a business is challenging enough without the added threat of civil fraud. Understanding what constitutes civil fraud and how to protect your business from it can save you from significant losses and legal troubles. Let's break it down in simple terms and provide some actionable steps to safeguard your business.

What is Civil Fraud?

Civil fraud occurs when someone intentionally deceives another party to gain an unfair advantage, typically resulting in financial loss. Unlike criminal fraud, which can lead to imprisonment, civil fraud usually results in monetary penalties and damages paid to the victim.

Elements of Civil Fraud

To prove civil fraud, certain elements must be established:

1. Misrepresentation of a Material Fact: The perpetrator must have made a false statement about a significant fact.
2. Knowledge of Falsity: The perpetrator knew the statement was false or showed reckless disregard for the truth.
3. Intent to Deceive: The false statement was made with the intent to mislead the victim.
4. Justifiable Reliance: The victim relied on the false statement when deciding to engage in the transaction.
5. Resulting Damages: The victim suffered a financial loss due to their reliance on the false statement.

Common Types of Civil Fraud

Understanding common types of civil fraud can help you recognize and avoid potential threats:

• False Advertising: Misleading consumers about a product’s features or benefits.
• Financial Statement Fraud: Falsifying financial documents to present a healthier financial status.
• Contract Fraud: Misrepresenting terms or conditions in a contract.
• Insurance Fraud: Making false claims to receive insurance benefits.

Protecting Your Business from Civil Fraud

Now that you understand civil fraud and its common forms, let's discuss how to protect your business.

1. Conduct Thorough Background Checks

Before entering into any business relationship, whether it's hiring a new employee or signing a contract with a vendor, conduct thorough background checks. Verify their credentials, history, and reputation. This can help you avoid dealing with individuals or entities that have a history of fraudulent activities.

2. Implement Strong Internal Controls

Internal controls are policies and procedures that help ensure the integrity of financial and accounting information. Examples include:

• Segregation of Duties: Divide responsibilities among different employees to reduce the risk of fraud.
• Regular Audits: Conduct periodic audits to identify and rectify discrepancies.
• Access Controls: Restrict access to sensitive information and financial systems to authorized personnel only.

3. Educate Your Employees

Employee training is crucial in fraud prevention. Educate your staff about what constitutes civil fraud, how to recognize warning signs and the importance of ethical behaviour. Encourage a culture of transparency and integrity.

4. Establish a Whistleblower Policy

A whistleblower policy encourages employees to report suspicious activities without fear of retaliation. Ensure that employees know how to report fraud and feel safe doing so. Anonymity and protection from retaliation are key components of an effective whistleblower policy.

5. Use Technology Wisely

Leverage technology such as cyber security or AI products to protect your business from fraud. Invest in fraud detection software that monitors transactions for suspicious activity. Use secure communication channels and data encryption to protect sensitive information.

6. Review Contracts Carefully

Always read and understand the terms and conditions of any contract before signing. If necessary, seek legal counsel to review contracts to ensure there are no hidden clauses or misrepresentations.

Conclusion

Civil fraud can pose a significant threat to your business, but with the right knowledge and precautions, you can protect your company. By understanding the elements and types of civil fraud, conducting thorough background checks, implementing strong internal controls, educating your employees, establishing a whistleblower policy, using technology wisely, and reviewing contracts carefully, you can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to fraud.

Staying vigilant and proactive is your best defence against civil fraud. Protect your business, safeguard your assets, and maintain your reputation by following these guidelines.

The founder of FTX, a trading platform for cryptocurrency, Sam Bankman-Fried has officially been sentenced to 25 years in prison for his fraud and embezzlement crimes.

FTX

Created in 2019 to trade cryptocurrency. Customers could open accounts to trade and buy cryptocurrency and then convert this into real cash which they could withdraw into their bank accounts

The Crimes

Late 2022 the company went bankrupt after billions of dollars of customers’ money had been lost due to fraud. The company went bankrupt and millions of customers were locked out of their accounts unable to withdraw their money. Some had lost their life savings.

Customers lost in total around $8bn as well as investors losing roughly, $1.7bn.

FTX shareholders are extremely unlikely to see their money returned and this includes, Tiger Global Management, the Ontario teacher’s pension plan, Sequia Capital as well as the New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft and NFL quarterback, Tom Brady and Ex-wife, Gisele Bundchen who advertised for FTX.

Their stakes were at one point valued at tens of millions and now are worthless.

The hedge fund, Alameda Research was supposedly holding $11.3bn but according to accounting experts present at the trial, only $2.3bn of this could be found.

In November 2023 Sam Bankman-Fried was convicted of 7 charges of wire fraud and conspiracy.

Sam Bankman-Fried had been living lavishly with colleagues using the money for their own personal lives and gains.

The Trial

Prosecutors demanded a 40-50 year sentence for Sam Bankman-Fried arguing that the crimes could be repeated as well as a need to deter other from similar acts.

Bankman-Fried’s lawyers asked for a 6 year sentence arguing that this was his first offence and he was non-violent, as well as the promise that customers would be paid back in full.

This latter claim was rejected by the judge as “illogical” and “Speculative”. The current CEO of FTX also rejected this as the amount of money lost could not be paid back by the company.

Today, the Judge agreed on a 25 year sentence for Sam Bankman-Fried.

Related: FTX investors halt lawsuit against law" firm Sullivan & Cromwell

Partner in Rosling King’s Dispute Resolution Group, Hannah Sharp represented the successful Claimant which obtained a novel anti-suit injunction in aid of an expert witness sued by the Defendants in his home jurisdiction.

This injunction required the withdrawal of the abusive claim made against the expert witness in the Ukrainian court. The case emphasises the High Court’s readiness to exercise its discretion to grant anti-suit injunctions to protect the integrity of the English Court and its own processes, even where the case law is undeveloped.

Case Summary

On 2 August 2023, the High Court handed down another judgment in this long running and hard-fought legal dispute, this time granting an anti-suit injunction against the First and Second Defendants, Mr and Mrs Tyshchenko, requiring them to withdraw a claim in Ukraine against the Ukrainian law expert for the Claimant, WWRT Limited. In exercising this discretionary power under s 37(1) of the Senior Courts Act 1981, Mrs Justice Bacon noted in her judgment that there is “no case where an anti-suit injunction has been sought on facts comparable to the present”.

Background
The context of the recent judgment is a claim brought by WWRT in relation to loans made by the now defunct Ukrainian bank, JSC Fortuna Bank, which WWRT asserts were granted to borrowers associated with Mr and Mrs Tyshchenko who had no intention or means of repaying them. The proceedings have been ongoing since September 2020, when Kelyn Bacon QC (as she then was) issued a £65 million without notice freezing injunction against Mr and Mrs Tyshchenko. WWRT’s application for a freezing order was supported by a report from WWRT’s Ukrainian law expert, who has since provided further expert evidence on behalf of WWRT.

In October 2022, Mr Tyshchenko issued a claim in Ukraine against WWRT’s expert, with Mrs Tyshchenko listed as a third party to it. By the claim, they sought an order recognising the conclusions of the expert in certain of his reports in the English proceedings as unlawful and requiring that he recant the evidence provided in those reports. The expert’s application for closure of the claim against him was rejected in rapid succession by the Commercial Court of Kyiv and North Commercial Court of Appeal. His appeal to the Ukrainian Supreme Court was listed for hearing on 15 August 2023.

In late July 2023, WWRT made an urgent application for an anti-suit injunction requiring the claim against the expert to be withdrawn on the basis that it is vexatious, abusive and an illegitimate interference in the practice and procedure of the English Court.

Legal Test

The Court’s power to grant an anti-suit injunction is derived from s. 37(1) of the Senior Courts Act 1981, which provides that the Court may grant interim or final injunctions where “it appears to the court to be just and convenient to do so”. This power extends to the granting of anti-suit injunctions where the continuation of proceedings in a foreign jurisdiction is “unconscionable”: South Carolina Insurance v Assurantie Maatshappij [1987] 1 AC 24. A principal example of this is where the foreign proceedings are regarded as “vexatious or oppressive”.

The Decision

In this latest development, Mrs Justice Bacon granted the first of its kind anti-suit injunction against Mr and Mrs Tyshchenko, requiring the withdrawal of the Ukrainian claim against the expert, on the basis that it was very clearly both vexatious and oppressive. In making her decision, Mrs Justice Bacon pointed out the likely reason for the lack of authority in this area is that it is “extremely unusual for a party to proceedings to launch such a direct and unambiguous attack in a foreign court on the substance of the evidence given in domestic proceedings”.

Although comparisons were made to Arab Monetary Fund v Hashim (No. 6), Financial Times Law Reports, 23 July 1992, where an order for an anti-suit injunction was not granted because (among other things) there was nothing to suggest that the US action had been commenced to dissuade the witness from giving evidence in the UK, in the present case Mrs Justice Bacon was confident that the claim was brought by Mr Tyshchenko in a “blatant and clearly abusive attempt to interfere with the due process of the English proceedings which have by now been on foot for almost three years”.

Commentary
Whilst the facts of this case are highly unusual, the decision demonstrates that the High Court stands ready to exercise its discretion to grant anti-suit injunctions to protect the integrity of the English Court and its own processes, even where the case law is undeveloped. The Judge in this case recognised the wider implications of the decision and the need to send “a strong signal to other litigants that this sort of conduct will not be tolerated”.

For further information, please contact partner Hannah Sharp at Rosling King LLP on hannah.sharp@rkllp.com or 0207 246 8000.

Hannah Sharp is a partner in Rosling King’s Dispute Resolution Group specialising in financial services disputes, fraud and commercial litigation, both domestic and cross-border. Hannah has significant experience of acting for banks (investment and retail) and other financial institutions, corporates and ultra high net worth individuals on a broad range of complex disputes.

Rosling King LLP is a London-based law firm specialising in serving the needs of financial institutions, corporates and individuals. For more information please visit www.rkllp.com.

Because of its increasing prevalence, understanding this underhanded trend is crucial for any enterprise that leverages online transactions.

Chargebacks occur when consumers dispute a transaction, usually flagging it as unauthorized or incorrectly processed. It’s essentially an insurance against such issues negatively impacting shoppers.

However, some unscrupulous individuals manipulate this protective mechanism provided by payment card firms. They make purchases legitimately, but later falsely claim them as unauthorized or incorrect.

This emerging type of deceitful activity has raised alarm bells and constitutes a growing financial risk for e-commerce enterprises. Let’s look at what’s causing this rise, and how it can be counteracted.

The Factors Contributing to the Increase in Chargeback Fraud

As mentioned, chargeback fraud is spiking, and unfortunately, there are multiple factors in play, with some of the main issues being:

• Difficulty of Detection: It’s hard for individual organizations to know when they’ve been targeted by fraudsters, and when they’re facing a legitimate chargeback claim made by a consumer who has been scammed themselves. This means that malicious actors are emboldened, as they are less likely to get caught for this type of mischief.
• Increasing E-commerce Activity: With more people shopping online since the pandemic, fraudulent activities also rise proportionally. It’s a case of crooks being able to hide their dodgy transactions in an ocean of genuine online purchases.
• Technological Lapses: Relying on outdated anti-fraud systems means companies can't keep up with savvy cybercriminals exploiting them.

These elements create the perfect mix for elevating chargeback fraud levels. Businesses must keep abreast of these trends not only to protect themselves from potential financial setbacks but also because repeated occurrences can lead card companies to categorize them as high-risk.

How Companies Can Prevent Chargeback Fraud

To mitigate the rise in chargeback fraud, corporations need robust prevention strategies:

• Investing in Advanced Anti-fraud Systems: Modern technologies can help monitor patterns and detect potential fraudulent activities. Businesses just need to be willing to embrace them.
• Enhanced Customer Service: Promptly resolving customer disputes dissuades would-be fraudsters from resorting to unnecessary chargebacks.
• Detailed Transaction Records: Keeping precise records provides proof in case of a dispute.

An excellent way to streamline all these aspects is through services offered by companies dedicated to fighting chargebacks, such as Chargebacks911. They specialize in assisting businesses to prevent fraud by offering intricate analysis and professional assistance drawn from industry-wide experience.

In essence, outsourcing this aspect of your retail or e-commerce venture not only bolsters your security measures but also lets you focus on what matters, which is of course growing your business.

Chargebacks and Profitability: The Hidden Impact on Businesses

The financial consequences of chargeback fraud are much more than a one-time issue. They can spread into all sorts of areas, such as:

• Lost Revenue: Each fraudulent chargeback results in a direct hit to your company's profitability.
• Increased Operational Costs: Managing dispute resolutions can take up valuable resources, leading to increased administrative expenses.
• Damaged Reputation: Frequent chargebacks raise red flags, potentially harming relationships with payment providers or credit card issuers. This can also impact customer trust and loyalty over time

By understanding this covert correlation between chargebacks and lost profits, businesses can grasp the severity of this problem.

Addressing Cardholder Disputes: Effective Strategies against Chargeback Frauds

When addressing chargebacks, it's crucial to have effective strategies in place:

• Quick Response Time: Proactively respond to disputes by engaging with customers promptly. This prevents them from escalating issues and resorting to unjustified chargebacks.
• Clear Policies: Transparency helps your clients understand return procedures, thus reducing potential confusion that might lead to unwanted disputes.
• Proactive Communication: Regularly updating your clients about their purchase status reduces the chances of misunderstandings leading to unnecessary chargeback claims.

Taken together, these measures create a robust line of defence against chargeback fraud that not only safeguards your business financially but also fosters enhanced relations with customers.

Final Thoughts

There’s no question that the rise in chargeback fraud is a detriment to the growth and profitability of businesses utilizing online transactions.

However, with careful planning, proactive measures and strategic partnerships, businesses can successfully combat this expanding threat.

As a business owner, understanding chargebacks is vital to maintaining your revenue flow and keeping your operation afloat. 

These unwelcome occurrences aren't just about reimbursed transactions; they can also saddle you with administrative costs and even jeopardize your relationship with credit card companies. 

12 Things Everyone Should Know About Chargebacks 

This guide will arm you with critical knowledge about chargebacks, ways to dispute them, and strategies for prevention. Read these tips to become a master of reducing chargebacks.

#1 - Understanding Chargebacks

Chargebacks are when a customer disputes a charge from your business on their credit card. They can be caused by things like fraudulent transactions or unauthorized purchases. When this happens, the charge is reversed, and the money is returned to the customer.

#2 - The Process

When customers report a disputed transaction to their credit card company, you will receive a notice. You must respond within a set timeframe detailing your side of the dispute. If you don’t respond in time, you could lose the dispute, and the customer could get their money back.

#3 - Fraud Is One of The Main Causes

One primary reason behind chargebacks is fraud, either true fraud (stolen credit card information) or friendly fraud (where customers dispute legitimate charges). Both situations are challenging for businesses and usually require strict security measures to prevent.

#4 - They Can Be Disputed

If a customer claims an unjust chargeback, you can make your case known to the credit card company. This involves providing evidence like receipts or delivery confirmations that disputes the claim. Winning a dispute can save you from loss and safeguard your business reputation.

#5 - How to Dispute Chargebacks 

To dispute a chargeback, gather all pertinent transaction information. Next, compose an articulate rebuttal letter explaining why you believe the chargeback is unjust. Then, submit your dispute. You can learn more about the chargeback dispute process at Chargebacks911.

#6 - Impact on Businesses

Chargebacks can create significant issues for businesses. It's not just about the financial loss from reimbursed transactions, but there are also admin costs involved in disputing chargebacks. A high level of chargebacks could damage your relationship with credit card companies.

#7 - Prevention Is Key

Being proactive in preventing chargebacks is crucial. This means clear communication about products or services, providing excellent customer service, and implementing secure transaction procedures. Monitoring all transactions vigilantly can also help you identify fraudulent activities.

#8 - Total Prevention Isn’t Possible 

It's critical to note that total chargeback prevention isn't attainable. Even with strict security measures and transparent business practices, some chargebacks can still happen. Fraudulent activities or customers who maliciously dispute valid transactions cannot always be prevented. 

#9 - Strictly Follow Card Network Rules

Each network has unique regulations for managing disputes, so it's crucial to familiarize yourself with them. Plus, responding promptly and following the suggested process may increase your chances of successfully contesting illegitimate chargeback claims filed by customers. 

#10 - Monitor Your Chargeback Levels

Keeping a close eye on your chargeback levels is crucial. If the amount of chargebacks is too high relative to total transactions, it could potentially harm your relationship with credit card companies. This leads to revenue loss and may result in penalties or even account suspension.

#11 - Implement Fraud Prevention Tools

These systems, such as Address Verification System (AVS) and Card Verification Value (CVV) checks, can help identify suspicious transactions early. Tech like two-factor authentication also adds another layer of security, helping to deter potential fraudsters and consistent chargebacks.

#12 - Seek Professional Help If Needed

If managing credit card disputes becomes too complex or overwhelming, don't hesitate to seek professional help. Expert services can streamline the process, handling tedious tasks and intricate details on your behalf. This will reduce your stress when dealing with chargebacks. 

In Conclusion

Now that you're armed with this knowledge about chargebacks, it's time to put it into action. Keep close tabs on your chargeback levels, dispute when necessary, and never hesitate to ask for professional help when the going gets tough. Remember that prevention is important.